| Title of the article: |
F. M. Dostoyevsky and the birth of Russian existentialism. The man from the «underground» |
| Author(s): |
PAVLENKO A. N. |
| Section: |
Philosophy, Ethics and Religious Studies |
| Year: |
2015 |
| Issue: |
№ 1, (35) |
| Pages: |
11-25 |
| Index UDK: |
1(091) |
| Index BBK: |
87.3 |
| Abstract: |
The paper presents the analysis of prerequisites and causes of appearance of Russian existentialism in the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It is shown that the problem of «existentialism» is understood by Dostoyevsky as a reaction to the human-istic ideals of European culture of XV-XIX centuries. The paper gives the of the notion «humanism». «Humanism» is a system of world view, which considers the human being as the highest value. In order to identify the essential features of «humanism», the ideals of humanism from philosophical, legal, and religious points of view have been considered. Revealing of these features allowed us to the basic representations of man, formed in the Renaissance: 1) the Human being is godlike; 2) the Human being occupies the unique place in the Universe; 3) the Human being is above the nature; 4) the Human being is a creature to whom the natural world has been given in possession; 5) the Human being is to become the God, and in the «limit» he is the «God», that is the highest value. Explicit selection of the main statements of the biblical humanism, allowed to establish the procedure of their secularization, which, in turn, allowed to the starting point of philosophical concept of Fyodor Dostoyevsky: a man is a former «king» of nature, who could not become the God. |
| Keywords: |
DOSTOEVSKY, EXISTENTIALISM, HUMANISM, FREEDOM, SCIENCE, THE ANTHROPIC COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE |
| Bibliography: |
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