Title of the article:

OPEN-AIR MUSEUMS OF FOLK ARCHITECTURE: OVERVIEW OF CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

Author(s):

M. Yu. Gaiduk

A. I. Klimenko

A. B. Khramtsov

Information about the author/authors

Maria Y. Gaiduk — assistant, Industrial University of Tyumen, Lunacharsky St., 2, 625001 Tyumen, Russia. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-2504. E-mail: mary.gaydouk@mail.ru

Alexander I. Klimenko — associate professor, Industrial University of Tyumen, Lunacharsky St., 2, 625001 Tyumen, Russia. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-9057. E-mail: archklim@mail.ru

Alexander B. Khramtsov — PhD in History, associate professor, Industrial University of Tyumen, Lunacharsky St. 2, 625001 Tyumen, Russia. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2758-4192. E-mail: khramtsov_ab@bk.ru

Section

Theory and history of culture

Year

2021

Volume

Vol. 61

Pages

pp. 38–63

Received

August 19, 2020

Date of publication

September 28, 2021

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-61-38-63

Index UDK

008+391

Index BBK

71.1+79.1(2)

Abstract

The paper provides an overview of the domestic experience of creating ethnographic museums in the open air. It traces stages and chronological periodization of the foundation of such museums in the world and studies historical conditions for the creation of open-air museums in Russia. The first experience of creating such a museum was demonstrated at the All-Russian Agricultural and Artisanal-Industrial Exhibition in Moscow in 1923. In the park-museum of Kolomenskoye village near Moscow, monuments of wooden architecture of the 17th–18th centuries were placed. For the first time, this paper comes up with a comprehensive classification of the open-air museums according to various grounds: the status of the museum complex (federal, regional, local), the specificity of the exposition, the architectural and urban planning principle of the organization; the principle of organizing the exposition and others. The study determined that most of the open-air museums are concentrated in the central part of Russia. The authors also explored potential for developing an open-air museum in the Tyumen region. The experience and examples of the functioning of museums allow for developing give “ground” for the development of ethnographic museums in all regions of the country. The creation of this complex is interesting not only from the point of view of implementing educational function for the population, but also in terms of developing the region's economy — the creation of the most diverse tourist product (landscape — architecture — ethnography).

Keywords

museum of folk architecture, open-air museum, ethnographic museum, museum-reserve, wooden architecture, landscape.

References

1 Gnedovskii B. V., Dobrovol'skaia E. D. Muzei pod otkrytym nebom v SSSR: razvitie printsipov formirovaniia i struktury [Open-air museums in the USSR: development of the principles of development and structure]. In: Muzeinoe delo i okhrana pamiatnikov [Museum business and monument protection]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1987. Vol. 2. 21 p. (In Russian)

2 Gnedovskiĭ B. V. Pamiatniki dereviannogo zodchestva Rossii v muzeiakh pod otkrytym nebom. 12 stareishikh muzeev narodnogo zodchestva i byta [Monuments of wooden architecture of Russia in open-air museums. 12 oldest museums of folk architecture and everyday life]. Moscow, Probel-2000 Publ., 2002. 68 p. (In Russian)

3 Ivanovskaia N. I. Muzei pod otkrytym nebom [Open Air Museum]. In: Rossiiskaia muzeinaia entsiklopediia [Russian Museum Encyclopedia]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 2001, pp. 394–395. (In Russian)

4 Morozov M. N. Skansen — etnograficheskiĭ muzeĭ Shvetsii pod otkrytym nebom [Skansen — ethnographic museum of Sweden in the open air]. Sovetskaia etnografiia, 1960, no 5, pp. 102–109. (In Russian)

5 Kozlova-Afanas'eva E. M. Arkhitekturnoe nasledie Tiumenskoi oblasti: illiustrirovannyi nauchno-prakticheskii katalog [Architectural heritage of the Tyumen region: an illustrated scientific and practical catalog]. Tiumen', Iskusstvo Publ., 2008. 488 p. (In Russian)

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