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Title of the article: |
THE ISSUE OF RELATIONSHIP OF GRACE AND FREEDOM IN BERDYAEV`S ETHICS |
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Author(s): |
Oksana A. Zapeka |
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Information about the author/authors |
Oksana A. Zapeka — PhD in Philosophy, Head of Department of Slavic and culture studies, A. N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technologies. Design. Art), Institute of Slavic Culture, Khibinsky pr., 6, 129337 Moscow, Russia. E-mail: zana5@yandex.ru |
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Section |
Theory and history of culture |
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Year |
2021 |
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Volume |
Vol. 60 |
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Pages |
pp. 55–64 |
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Received |
March 05, 2021 |
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Date of publication |
June 28, 2021 |
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DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-60-55-64 |
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Index UDK |
008+1(091) |
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Index BBK |
71.1+87.3 |
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Abstract |
Berdyaev distinguishes between divine and human freedom. He considers the issue of relationship of God`s and man`s freedom to be central for ethics. While in western theology the issue of correspondence of grace and freedom appears mostly as a human will`s problem, the eastern tradition looks at the freedom of man and divine grace as an organic unity, yet acknowledges exclusively the freedom, created and granted by God. Eastern teachings, just as the western ones, do not address the freedom, preceding the Genesis. Orthodoxy`s advantage, according to N. A. Berdyaev, is in its lesser, comparing to Catholicism and Protestantism, extent of rationalizing, which to him constituted its greater degree of freedom. Without any doubt some of Berdyaev`s ideas are out of keeping with traditional Orthodoxy, most notably starting with his doctrine of Ungrund (divine Nothingness), giving way to manifestation of God-Creator and Freedom. Unlike traditional theology which associates origination of Evil with Freedom, God`s gift to a man Berdyaev believes that man belongs to Freedom as much as to God. Berdyaev`s presentation of relationship of freedom and grace, divine and human freedom as a central for the issue of Freedom is attributed to his striving to justify human freedom and establishing it in terms of its inherently human source. |
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Keywords |
N. A. Berdyaev, freedom, grace, blessed Augustine, personality, Nothingness, creation, God-manhood. |
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References |
1 Avgustin. O blagodati i svobodnom proizvolenii [On grace and free will]. In: Guseinov A., Irrlitts G. Kratkaia istoriia etiki [Brief history of ethics]. Moscow, Mysl' Publ., 1987, pp. 532–558. (In Russian) 2 Berdiaev N. A. Metafizicheskaia problema svobody [The metaphysical problem of freedom]. Put', 1928, no 9, pp. 41–53. (In Russian) 3 Berdiaev N. A. O naznachenii cheloveka [The Destiny of Man]. Moscow, Respublika Publ., 1993. 382 p. (In Russian) 4 Berdiaev N. A. Samopoznanie [Self-knowledge]. Moscow, DEM Publ., 1991. 334 p. (In Russian) 5 Berdiaev N. A. Tsarstvo dukha i tsarstvo kesaria [The Realm of Spirit and the Realm of Caesar]. Moscow, Respublika Publ., 1990. 382 p. (In Russian) 6 Zen'kovskii V. V. Istoriia russkoi filosofii [History of Russian Philosophy]. Leningrad, Ego Publ., 1991. Vol. 2. Part 2. 268 p. (In Russian) 7 Losskii V. N. Ocherk misticheskogo bogosloviia [Essay of mystical Theology]. Moscow, Tsentr “SEI” Publ., 1991. 287 p. (In Russian) 8 Losskii N. O. Istoriia russkoi filosofii [History of Russian Philosophy]. Moscow, Sovetskii pisatel' Publ., 1991. 480 p. (In Russian) 9 Rotterdamskii E. Filosofskie pis'ma [Philosophical letters]. Moscow, Mysl' Publ., 1987. 703 p. (In Russian) |
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