|
Title of the article: |
BORIS GODUNOV AS A DIPLOMAT: A LETTER OF THE TSAR BORIS FEDOROVICH TO THE GRAND DUKE OF TUSCANY FERDINAND I IN THE CONTEXT OF DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE OF RUSSIAN TSARS |
|
Author(s): |
Nataliya B. Kardanova |
|
Information about the author/authors |
Nataliya B. Kardanova — DSc in Philology, Associate Professor, University of Genoa, place of Saint Sabina, 2, 16124 Genoa, Italy. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2280-6000. E-mail: natasha.kardanova@gmail.com |
|
Section |
Theory and history of culture |
|
Year |
2021 |
|
Volume |
Vol. 61 |
|
Pages |
pp. 64–91 |
|
Received |
August 18, 2020 |
|
Date of publication |
September 28, 2021 |
|
DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-61-64-91 |
|
Index UDK |
008 |
|
Index BBK |
71+83(2)+66.4(2) |
|
Abstract |
The complex figure of Boris Godunov, receiving mixed assessments of contemporaries and descendants, is still attracting attention of researchers. The author aims to answer the question of how Boris Godunov is portrayed in diplomatic correspondence, in particular in his letter of 6 June 1601 in response to the Tuscan Duke Ferdinando Medici. The Duke's petition for assistance to one of his subjects, a Tuscan merchant who wanted to trade in Russia, was rightly perceived in Moscow as a proposal to establish not only trade, but also diplomatic relations between the two states. That is why the communicative task of Godunov's response message is to convince the addressee of readiness for such a relationship; it determined the structure of his letter and selection of stylistic features. As the paper shows, Tsar Boris Fedorovich appears as a ruler who inherited the throne of the Rurik dynasty, yet realizes the peculiarity of his position, maintaining a high authority of Russian Czars and of the Moscow state, who is kind and polite with a foreign addressee and speaks to him in the language implying a system of ethical and ideological attitudes and social relationships of Russia of that time. |
|
Keywords |
Boris Godunov, Grand Duke of Tuscany, diplomatic letter. |
|
References |
1 Akty istoricheskie, otnosiashchiesia k Rossii, izvlechennye iz inostrannykh arkhivov i bibliotek A. I. Turgenevym [Historical acts related to Russia, extracted by A. I. Turgenev from foreign archives and libraries]. St. Petersburg, Tipografiia Eduarda Pratsa Publ., 1842. Vol. 2. 448 p. (In Russian) 2 Aleksandrenko V. N. Posol'skii tseremonial v XVIII veke i otnoshenie k nemu russkikh diplomatov [The ceremonial of the embassy in the 18th century and its perceptions by Russian diplomats]. Varshavskie universitetskie izvestiia, 1894, no 8, pp. 1–29. (In Russian) 3 Anpilogov G. N. Novye dokumenty o Rossii kontsa XVI – nachala XVII v. [New documents about Russia at the end of the 16th – beginning of the 17th century]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta Publ., 1967. 540 p. (In Russian) 4 Bantysh-Kamenskii N. N. Obzor vneshnikh snoshenii Rossii (po 1800 god) [Review of Russia's foreign Relations (before 1800) ]. Moscow, Tipografiia E. Lissnera i Iu. Romana Publ., 1896. Part II: Germaniia i Italiia [Germany and Italy]. VIII + 272 p. (In Russian) 5 Bestuzhev-Riumin K. N. Obzor sobytii ot smerti tsaria Ioanna Vasil'evicha do izbraniia na prestol Mikhaila Fedorovicha Romanova [Review of events from the death of Tsar John Vasilyevich to the election of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the throne]. Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniia, 1887, July, no 7, part CCLII, pp. 49–112. (In Russian) 6 Bogoiavlenskii S. K. Moskovskii prikaznyi apparat i deloproizvodstvo XVI–XVII vekov [Moscow stationery and office work of the 16th–17th centuries]. Moscow, Iazyki slavianskoi kul'tury Publ., 2006. 605 p. (In Russian) 7 Buganov V. I., Koretskii V. I., Stanislavskii A. L. “Povest' — kako otomsti” — pamiatnik rannei publitsistiki Smutnogo vremeni [“The Story — how to take revenge” — a monument of the early journalism of the Time of troubles]. In: Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoi literatury [Proceedings of the Department of Old Russian literature]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1974, vol. 28, pp. 231–254. (In Russian) 8 Derzhavina O. A. K istorii sozdaniia “Letopisnoi knigi”, pripisyvaemoi kniaziu Katyrevu-Rostovskomu [To create a “Chronicle books” attributed to Prince Kutyrevo-Rostov]. Uchenye zapiski Moskovskogo gorodskogo pedagogicheskogo instituta im. V. P. Potemkina [Proceedings of the Moscow city pedagogical Institute. V. P. Potemkin]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo MGPI im. V. P. Potemkina Publ., 1959, vol. 48, issue 5, pp. 29–45. (In Russian) 9 Dmitrieva R. P. Proekt serii monograficheskikh issledovanii — izdanii pamiatnikov drevnerusskoi literatury [Project of a series of monographic research publications of monuments of ancient Russian literature]. In: Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoi literatury [Proceedings of the Department of Ancient Russian literature]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1955, vol. 11, pp. 491–499. (In Russian) 10 Zimin A. A. V kanun groznykh potriasenii: Predposylki pervoi Krest'ianskoi voiny v Rossii [On the eve of terrible upheavals: background of the first peasant war in Russia]. Moscow, Mysl' Publ., 1986. 333 p. (In Russian) 11 Zimin A. A. Smert' tsarevicha Dimitriia i Boris Godunov [The death of Tsarevich Dimitri and Boris Godunov]. Voprosy istorii, 1978, no 9, pp. 92–111. (In Russian) 12 Kardanova N. B. Gramota tsaria Alekseia Mikhailovicha i sovremennyi ei perevod na ital'ianskii iazyk [The Charter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and its modern Italian language translation]. In: Germenevtika drevnerusskoi literatury [Hermeneutics of Old Russian literature]. Moscow, Iazyki slavianskoi kul'tury; Progress-traditsiia Publ., 2004, issue 11, pp. 828–868. (In Russian) 13 Kardanova N. B. Diplomaticheskie poslaniia Petra Velikogo dozham Venetsianskoi respubliki: tematika, zhanr, stil', epistoliarnyi etiket [The Diplomatic Doge of Peter the Great of the Republic of Venice: themes, genre, style, epistolary etiquette]. Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2013. 445 p. (In Russian) 14 Kardanova N. B. Pis'ma florentiiskogo kuptsa Franchesko Gvaskoni iz Moskvy ot 25 iiunia 1696 g. i ot 17 iiulia 1696 g. i neizvestnyi russkii original [Letters of the Florentine merchant Francesco Gusconi from Moscow dated June 25, 1696 and July 17, 1696 and an unknown Russian original]. In: Mezhdunarodnaia konferentsiia “Russkii iazyk i kul'tura v zerkale perevoda” 25–30 aprelia 2014 g., Saloniki. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii: elektronnoe izdanie. Saloniki, 25/04/2014–30/04/2014 [International Conference “Russian language and Culture in the mirror of translation” April 25–30, 2014, Thessaloniki. Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference: electronic edition. Thessaloniki, 25/04/2014–30/04/2014]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova Publ., Vysshaia shkola perevoda Publ., 2014, pp. 290–311. (In Russian) 15 Kashtanov S. M. Diplomatika kak spetsial'naia istoricheskaia distsiplina [Diplomacy as a special historical discipline]. Voprosy istorii, 1965, no 1, pp. 39–44. (In Russian) 16 Kotoshikhin G. K. O Rossii v tsarstvovanie Alekseia Mikhailovicha [Russia in the reign of Alexey Mikhailovich], preparation of the publication, introductory article, commentary and dictionary by G. A. Leont'eva. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2000. 272 p. (In Russian) 17 Krylova T. K. Rossiia i Venetsiia na rubezhe XVII i XVIII vekov [Russia and Venice at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries]. In: Uchenye zapiski Leningrad pedagogicheskogo instituta im. A. I. Gertsena [Proceedings of A. I. Herzen Leningrad Pedagogical Institute]. Leningrad, 1939, vol. 19, pp. 43–82. (In Russian) 18 Kukushkina M. V. Semen Shakhovskoi — avtor povesti o Smute [Semyon Shakhovskoy — the author of a story about Time of troubles]. In: Pamiatniki kul'tury. Novye otkrytiia. Pis'mennost'. Iskusstvo. Arkheologiia. Ezhegodnik 1974 [Monuments of culture. New discoveries. Writing. Art. Archeology. Yearbook for 1974]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1975, pp. 75–78. (In Russian) 19 Levitskii I. V. Neskol'ko dokumentov XVI v. iz Florentiiskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhiva [Several documents of the 16th century from the Florentine State Archive]. In: Zapiski Imperatorskogo Russkogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva. Novaia seriia [Notes of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society. A new series]. St. Petersburg, Tipografiia I. N. Skorokhodova Publ., 1894, vol. 7, issue 1–2, pp. 111–146. (In Russian) 20 Nikonov V. A. Do familii [Before surnames]. In: Antroponimika [Anthroponymy]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1970. 360 p. (In Russian) 21 Opis' arkhiva Posol'skogo prikaza 1626 g. [Inventory of the archive of the Embassy order of 1626]. Moscow, 1966. Part 1. 416 p. (In Russian) 22 Pamiatniki diplomaticheskikh i torgovykh snoshenii Moskovskoi Rusi s Persiei [Monuments of diplomatic and trade relations between Moscow Russia and Persia]. St. Petersburg, Tovarishchestvo parovoi skoropechatni Iablonskii i Perott Publ., 1890. Vol. 1. 455 p. (In Russian) 23 Pamiatniki diplomaticheskikh snoshenii Drevnei Rossii s derzhavami inostrannymi [The monument of diplomatic relations of Ancient Russia with foreign powers]. St. Peterburg, Tipografiia II otdeleniia sobstvennoi E. I. V. kantseliarii Publ., 1851–1871. (In Russian) 24 Pis'ma i bumagi imperatora Petra Velikogo [Letters and papers of Peter the Great]. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo AN SSSR Publ., 1950. Vol. 9. Issue I (ianvar'-dekabr' 1709 g.) [ (January-December 1709) ]. 529 p. Moscow, Izdatel'stvo AN SSSR Publ., 1956. 879 p. Vol. 10. Issue 1 (ianvar'-dekabr' 1710 g.) [ (January–December 1710) ]. (In Russian) 25 Povest', kako voskhiti nepravdoiu na Moskve tsarskii prestol Boris Godunov [The story of how Boris Godunov unjustly seized the tsar's throne in Moscow]. In: Pamiatniki drevnei russkoi pis'mennosti, otnosiashchiesia k Smutnomu vremeni. Russkaia istoricheskaia biblioteka, izdavaemaia Arkheograficheskoiu kommissieiu [Monuments of Old Russian writing related to the Time of Troubles. The Russian Historical Library, published by the Archeographic Commission]. St. Peterburg, Tipografiia I. N. Skorokhodova Publ., 1891, vol. 13, pp. 145–176. (In Russian) 26 Povest' kniazia Ivana Mikhailovicha Katyreva-Rostovskogo po spisku Imperatorskoi Publichnoi biblioteki Q 4. № 154 [The story of Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Katyrev-Rostov according to the list of the Imperial Public Library Q 4. No. 154]. In: Pamiatniki drevnei russkoi pis'mennosti, otnosiashchiesia k Smutnomu vremeni. Russkaia istoricheskaia biblioteka, izdavaemaia Arkheograficheskoiu komissieiu [Monuments of Old Russian writing related to the Time of Troubles. The Russian Historical Library, published by the Archeographic Commission]. St. Peterburg, Tipografiia I. N. Skorokhodova Publ., 1891, vol. 13, pp. 559–624. (In Russian) 27 Poslaniia Ivana Groznogo [The Epistles of Ivan the Terrible], preparation of the text by D. S. Likhachev i Ia. S. Lur'e; translation and commentary by Ia. S. Lur'e. St. Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2005. (In Russian) 28 Rossiia i Zapad: Gorizonty vzaimopoznaniia. Literaturnye istochniki pervoi chetverti XVIII veka [Russia and the West: horizons of mutual understanding. Literary sources of the first quarter of the 18th century]. Moscow, Nasledie Publ., 2000. Issue 1. 496 p. (In Russian) 29 Sal'mon L. Lichnoe imia v russkom iazyke: Semiotika, pragmatika perevoda [Personal name in Russian: semiotics, pragmatics of translation]. Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2002. 159 p. (In Russian) 30 Sergeev F. P. Russkaia diplomaticheskaia terminologiia XI–XVII vv. [Russian diplomatic terminology of the 11–17th centuries]. Kishinev, Kartia Moldoveniaske Publ., 1971. 219 p. (In Russian) 31 Sergeev F. Formirovanie russkogo diplomaticheskogo iazyka [Formation of the Russian diplomatic language]. L'vov, Vishcha shkola Publ., 1978. 223 p. (In Russian) 32 Serova I. Iu. “Letopisnaia kniga” Katyreva-Rostovskogo i “Troianskaia istoriia” Gvido de Kolumny [Katyrev-Rostovsky's “Chronicle Book” and Guido de Columna's “Trojan History”]. In: Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoi literatury [Proceedings of the Department of Ancient Russian Literature]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1989, vol. 42, pp. 107–115. (In Russian) 33 Skrynnikov R. G. Boris Godunov. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1978. 198 p. (In Russian) 34 Tolkachev M. V. Evropeiskoe napravlenie vo vneshnei politike Rossii v period pravleniia Fedora Ioannovicha i Borisa Godunova [The European direction in Russia's foreign policy during the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich and Boris Godunov: PhD thesis, summary]. Samara, 2011. 20 p. (In Russian) 35 Floria B. N. Torgovlia Rossii so stranami Zapadnoi Evropy v Arkhangel'ske (konets XVI – nachalo XVII v. [Trade of Russia with the countries of Western Europe in Arkhangelsk (late 16th – early 17th century]. Srednie veka, 1973, vol. 36, 36 Forsten G. V. Akty i pis'ma k istorii baltiiskogo voprosa v XVI i XVII stoletiiakh [Acts and letters on the history of the Baltic question in the 16th century and in the 17th centuries]. St. Peterburg, Tipografiia I. N. Skorokhodova Publ., 1889. Vol. I. 341 p. (In Russian) 37 Shalak M. E. Russkaia Smuta i obshchestvennaia mysl' XVII veka: suzhdeniia, otsenki, kontseptsii [Russian turmoil and social thought in the 17th century: judgments, assessments, concepts: PhD thesis, summary]. Rostov-na-Donu, 2004. 24 p. (In Russian) 38 Sharkova I. S. Rossiia Italiia: torgovye otnosheniia XV – pervoi chetverti XVIII v. [Russia Italy: trade relations of the 15th century-the first quarter of the 18th century], edited by corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences V. I. Rutenburga. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1981. 210 p. (In Russian) 39 Shmurlo E. Otchet o dvukh komandirovkakh v Rossiiu i za granitsu v 1892/3 i 1893/4 gg. [Report on two business trips to Russia and abroad in 1892/3 and 1893/4]. In: Uchenye zapiski Imperatorskogo Iur'evskogo universiteta [Scientific notes of the Imperial Yuriev University]. Iur'ev, Tipografiia K. Matisena Publ., 1894, no 3, addition, pp. 3–269. (In Russian) 40 Shmurlo E. Otchet o zagranichnoi komandirovke osen'iu 1897 g. [Report on a business trip abroad in the autumn of 1897]. In: Uchenye zapiski Imperatorskogo Iur'evskogo universiteta [Proceedings of the Imperial Yuriev University]. Iur'ev, Tipografiia K. Matisena Publ., 1897, no 1, addition, pp. 1–80. (In Russian) 41 Shmurlo E. Sbornik dokumentov, otnosiashchikhsia k istorii tsarstvovaniia imperatora Petra Velikogo [Collection of documents related to the history of the reign of Emperor Peter the Great] — Recueil des documents relatifs au règne de l’Empereur Pierre le Grand, published by E. Schmourlo, Professor at the l’Université Impériale de Youriev (Dorpat). Iur'ev, Tipografiia K. Matisena Publ., 1903. Vol. 1: 1693–1700. XLV p. + 728 p. XLV. (In Russian) 42 Benacchio Berto R. L’allocutivo reverenziale di cortesia “vu” nella Russia di Pietro il Grande: uno studio sociolinguistico [The polite reverential allocutive “vy” in Peter The Great's Russia: a sociolinguistic study]. Atti del colloquio “Lingue slave e lingue romanze: un confront”. Firenze, 25–26 gennaio 1985 [Proceedings of the colloquium “Slavic languages and Romance languages: a comparison”. Florence, 25–26 January 1985]. Pisa, ETS Editrice Publ., 1985, pp. 61–78. (In Italian) 43 Benacchio R. Modalità allocutive pronominali nella società moscovita del sec. XVII [Pronominal allocutive modes in the Muscovite Society of the sec. XVII]. Università di Padova, Istituto di Filologia Slava Publ., 1984. 55 p. (In Italian) 44 Caccamo D. Alberto Vimina in Ucraina e nelle “parti settentrionali”: diplomazia e cultura nel Seicento veneto [Alberto Vimina in Ukraine and in the “northern parts”: diplomacy and culture in the seventeenth century Veneto]. Europa Orientalis, 1986, no 5, pp. 233–283. (In Italian) 45 Di Salvo M. Florence, Amsterdam, Moscow: an Italian Merchant in Peter the Great's Time [Florence, Amsterdam, Moscow: an Italian Merchant in Peter The Great's time]. Italia, Russia e mondo slavo. Studi filologici e letterari [Italy, Russia and the Slavic world. Philological and literary studies], edited by A. Alberti, M. C. Bragone, G. Brogi Bercoff, L. Rossi. Firenze, Firenze University Press Publ., 2011, pp. 137–144. (In Italian) 46 Hennings J. Russia and courtly Europe: ritual and the culture of diplomacy, 1648–1725. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Publ., 2016. 297 p. (In English) 47 Szeftel M. La monarchie absolue dans l’état Moscovite et l’Empire Russe (fin XVe siècle — 1905 [Absolute monarchy in the Muscovite state and the Russian Empire (late fifteenth century — 1905]. Szeftel M. Russian Institutions and Culture up to Peter the Great. London, Variorum Reprints Publ., 1975. 374 p. (In French) |
|
PDF-file |
