Title of the article:

THE MAIN STREET OF TVER IN THE 17TH – MID 18TH CENTURIES

Author(s):

Alexey M. Salimov

Anton A. Salimov

Information about the author/authors

Alexey M. Salimov — DSc in Arts, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences, Professor, National Research Moscow State Construction, Yaroslavskoe High. 26, 129337 Moscow, Russia.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-4554
E-mail: sampochta@mail.ru

Anton A. Salimov — Art Historian, LLC “Nauchno-Restavratsionnoe Ob"edinenie”, Sokolnicheskaya Sq. 4a, Fl. 3, Apart. IV, Room 34, of. 309, 107113 Moscow, Russia.
E-mail: ts_dancer@mail.ru

Section

History of Arts

Year

2023

Volume

Vol. 67

Pages

pp. 216–251

Received

September 02, 2022

Approved after reviewing

September 17, 2022

Date of publication

March 29, 2023

DOI:

https:/doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2023-67-216-251

Index UDK

726.6.5.03

Index BBK

Щ.85.113(2)

Acknowledgements

The Research was Carried out in accordance with the Plan of Fundamental Scientific Research of the Ministry of Construction of Russia for 2022 (topic 1.1.2.3) and Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU).

Abstract

The main street of Tver originates in the far Middle Ages, but a relatively clear idea of this “highway” may be traced only starting from the 17th century, when the development and urban planning structure of the Russian city, in accordance with peculiar views of reality, were reflected in the works of icon painters, as well as foreign travelers. The era of Peter I strengthened the documental use when depicting the layout of a late medieval city, yet the fixation of urban planning structure was largely spared from instrumental survey, since domestic cartographers of the first quarter of the 18th century, as a rule, preferred to focus on the iconographic tradition. Residential, religious and other urban objects are represented in these materials in quite a schematic and sometimes generalized way. The situation changed by the middle of the 18th century, but this period (the second quarter — the middle of the 18th century) in the cartographic heritage of Tver still remains a blank spot. For this reason, it is currently quite difficult to outline the route of the city’s main highway in the pre-Catherine era, since in the mid-1760s the direction and configuration of the main street of Tver were changed by the initiative of Catherine II. Nevertheless, this study attempts to reconstruct the location of the pre-Catherine “highway”, as well as to present the nature of almost completely lost urban development associated with this street in the late Middle Ages and in the first half of the 18th century. 

Keywords

Tver, Kremlin Development, Bolshaya St., Late Medieval and Baroque Architectural Forms.

References

1 Vorotnikova, I.A., Nedelin, V.M. Kremli, kreposti i ukreplennye monastyri Russkogo gosudarstva XV–XVII vekov. Kreposti tsentral'noi Rossii [Kremlins, Fortresses and Fortified Monasteries of the Russian State of the 15 –17th centuries. Fortresses of Central Russia]. Moscow, BuksMArt Publ., 2013. 887 p: il. (In Russ.)

2 Danilov, V.V., Salimov, A.M., Romanova, E.A. Oboronitel'nye sooruzheniia Tverskogo kremlia XII–XVII vekov [Defensive Structures of the Tver Kremlin of the 12–17th Centuries]. Tver', Salimovy i Ko Publ., 2021. 144 p.: il. (In Russ.)

3 Karmanov, D.I. “Istoricheskie izvestiia Tverskago kniazhestva, pocherpnutyia iz obshchikh rossiiskikh letopistsev, s priobshcheniem noveishikh onago prikliuchenii. Tver', 1775” [“Historical Information about Tver Principality, Drawn from the Common Russian Chroniclers, with the Introduction of the Latest Adventures. Tver, 1775”]. Karmanov D.I. Sobranie sochinenii otnosiashchikhsia k istorii Tverskago kraia [Collected Works Relating to the History of the Tver Region], comp. V.I. Kolosov. Tver', Tipografiia Gubernskogo Pravleniia Publ., 1893. 186 p. (In Russ.)

4 Kirpichnikov, A.N. Rossiia XVII veka v risunkakh i opisaniiakh gollandskogo puteshestvennika Nikolaasa Vitsena [Russia of the 17th Century in the Drawings and Descriptions of the Dutch Traveler Nicolaas Witsen]. St. Petersburg, Slaviia Publ., 1995. 208 p.: il. (In Russ.)

5 Popov, G.V. Tverskaia ikona XIII–XVII vekov [Tver Icon of the 13–17th Centuries]. St. Petersburg, Avrora Publ., 1993. 280 p.: il. (In Russ.)

6 Salimov, A.M. Srednevekovoe zodchestvo Tveri i prilezhashchikh zemel'. XII–XVI veka: v 2 t. [Medieval Architecture of Tver and Adjacent Lands. 12–16th Centuries], vol. I. Tver', Gosudarstvennaia akademiia slavianskikh kul'tur Publ., 2015. 592 p.: il. (In Russ.)

7 Salimov, A.M., Salimova, M.A. “Plan goroda Staritsy pervoi chetverti XVIII veka” [“Plan of the City of Staritsa of the First Quarter of the 18th Century”]. Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo, vol. 53, 2010, pp. 65–74. (In Russ.)

8 Salimov, A.M. Tverskoi Spaso-Preobrazhenskii sobor. XIII – nachalo XXI veka [Tver Transfiguration Cathedral. 13 — the beginning of the 21th Century]. Tver', Salimovy i Ko Publ., 2019. 376 p.: il. (In Russ.)

9 Salimov, A.M. Arkhitektura Tveri XVII veka [Architecture of Tver of the 16th Century]. Tver', Salimovy i Ko Publ., 2020. 544 p.: il. (In Russ.)

10 Salimov, A.M., Salimova, M.A. Tsarskii zakaz dlia tverskogo Zheltikova monastyria [Tsar's Order for the Tver Zheltikov Monastery]. Tver', Salimovy i Ko Publ., 2022. 132 p.: il. (In Russ.)

11 Salimov, A.M. Arkhiereiskaia rezidentsiia v Tverskom kremle. Vladychnyi dvor kak predshestvennik ansamblia Imperatorskogo putevogo dvortsa [The Archbishop's Residence in the Tver Kremlin. Archbishop's Court as a Predecessor of the Ensemble of the Imperial Travel Palace]. Tver', Salimovy i Ko Publ., 2022. 108 p.: il. (In Russ.)

12 Smirnov, G.K., editor. Svod pamiatnikov arkhitektury I monumental'nogo iskusstva Rossii. Tverskaia oblast' [A Set of Monuments of Architecture and Monumental Art of Russia. Tver Region]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2002. 816 p.: il. (In Russ.)

13 Sokolov, I.I. “Plan goroda Tveri pervoi chetverti XVIII veka” [“The Plan of the City of Tver of the First Quarter of the 18th Century”]. Iz istorii Kalininskoi oblasti [From the History of the Kalinin region]. Kalinin, Kalininskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo Publ., 1964, pp. 174–192. (In Russ.)

14 Shchenkov, A.S. “Opyt rekonstruktsii plana Tveri kontsa XVII v.” [“Experience of Reconstruction of the Tver Plan of the End of the 17th Century”]. Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo [Architectural Heritage]. Moscow, Stroiizdat Publ., 1980, vol. 28. pp. 29–36. (In Russ.)

PDF-file

Download