|
Title of the article: |
COMPREHENDING THE СONCEPT OF СULTURE WAR IN SERBIAN СULTURES STUDIES, PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE AND LITERATURE |
|
Author(s): |
Irina M. Tsibizova |
|
Information about the author/authors |
Irina M. Tsibizova — PhD in History, researcher, Department of Philosophy, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 51/21, Nahimovsky Ave., 117418 Moscow, Russia. |
|
Section |
Theory and history of culture |
|
Year |
2023 |
|
Volume |
Vol. 67 |
|
Pages |
pp. 45–67 |
|
Received |
September 11, 2022 |
|
Approved after reviewing |
November 24, 2022 |
|
Date of publication |
March 29, 2023 |
|
DOI: |
https:/doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2023-67-45-67 |
|
Index UDK |
930.1; 162.4 |
|
Index BBK |
71.0; 87.6; 26.890 |
|
Abstract |
The theme of culture wars connected with the preserving of national identity and mentality’s especially actual for Serbia which applies for the role of the bridge between West and East. The term of culture war was coined by R. Virchow for the definition of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck’s struggle against the catholic clergy. After the use of the notion by the sociologist J. Hunter and politician P. Buchahan the concept gained an unusual popularity among the researches. The origins of the Serbian culture wars are connected to the fight for national independency and either the Russian or the Western mainly to Habsburg Empire orientation. The J. Raich’s Catechism’s viewed as one of the important victories in culture war. These wars are understood as a violent conflict between the carriers of opposing ideas, definitions and representations within a single cultural pattern or between the representatives of such different ones. In the radical conflicts the “killer identity” (Amin Maalouf) is born. The culture wars often precede the real ones which destroy the culture. The National Revival inspired by the spiritual leader of the First Serbian insurrection Dosifey Obradovic, the unsuccessful attempt to introduce a single Serbo-Croatian language, the Yugoslav model, created in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later Yugoslavia in the transition period, the communist stage associated with changes in society after the Second World War, the denial of national tradition and open hatred for the Serbian one as such, the period after 2000, marked by abuses of privatization, the ruin of the economy, the uncritical definition of Serbia as the Western Balkans, the euphemistic understanding of the period as a transition to democracy, covering the restoration of neoliberal capitalism and sabotage of the “democratic authorities” of the serious study of national culture, the war over the school curriculum of teaching history, language and literature, challenging the value of outstanding literary works as well as the values of national identity are considered as milestones of the culture was in Serbia. The participants of the culture wars are divided into globalists oriented to the West and the traditionalists or the conservatives, who tries not only to develop a concept of Serbian national identity, but also to maintain it. K. Atanasievich and V. Dvornikovich have contributed greatly to its development. The paper highlights a negative impact of pro-Western elites not only on national identity, but also on the country`s future. The consolidation of society around Patriarch Pavel showed the relevance of Orthodoxy, as well as of Kosovo and Metohija, for the Serbian national identity. The planned Euro-pride in Belgrade is perceived as a threat to the latter. Another threat is the canonization of the Quisling Croatian bishop Alozij Stepinets and the presentation of the Ustashe children's camps Sisak and Yastrebarsko as sanatoriums for the “treatment” of Serbian orphans. A developed concept of national identity is therefore needed to win the culture war. |
|
Keywords |
Atanasievich K., Conservatism, Culture Elite, Culture War, Dvornikovich V., Europride, Liberalism, National Identity, Serbs, Traditionalism. |
|
References |
1 Antonich, Slobodan “Nash vrag — kto?” SRBIN.INFO. Available at: https://srbin.info/pocetna/aktuelno/nas-neprijatelj-je-ko/ (Accessed 09 July 2022). (In Serbian) 2 Antonich, Slobodan “Nashi razoblachiteli NATO.” SRBIN.INFO. Available at: https://srbin.info/ru/pocetna/aktuelno/nasi-nato-denuncijanti/ (Accessed 09 July 2022). (In Serbian) 3 Antonich, Slobodan Demontazha kul'tury. Beograd, CATENA MUNDI Publ., 2020. 240 p. (In Serbian) 4 Antonich, Slobodan “Uvod u sotsiologiјu kulturnog rata (SA kratkim osvrtom na Srbiјu).” Letopis Matitse srpske. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2013, vol. 492, no. 4, hp. 445–460. (In Serbian) 5 Bespalova, L.N. “‘Kul'turkampf’ kak protivostoianie katolicheskoi tserkvi i imperskogo pravitel'stva Germanii v 70-e gg. XIX v.” [“‘Kulturkampf’ as a Confrontation between the Catholic Church and the Imperial Government of Germany in the 70s. of the 19th Century”]. Vestnik Nizhnevartovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 4, 2020, pp. 15–21. Available at: https://vestnik.nvsu.ru/2311-1402/article/view/56881/ru_RU# (Accessed 09 July 2022). (In Russ.) 6 Bratina, Vishnia, Bratina, B.R., Riapukhina, V.N. (trans.). “Gipertrofirovannoe Ia: ego” [“Hypertrophied Self: Ego”]. Nauchnyi rezul'tat. Series Sotsial'nye i gumanitarnye issledovaniia, vol. 2, no. 1(7), 2016, pp. 4–13. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gipertrofirovannoe-ya-ego-cogito-la-serbe/viewer (Accessed 19 July 2022). (In Russ.) 7 Bratina, B.R., Bratina, Vishnia “Gipertrofirovannoe Ia: Ego cogito à la serbe (Okonchanie).” Nauchnyi rezul'tat. Series Sotsial'nye i gumanitarnye issledovaniia, vol. 4, no. 4, 2018, pp. 11–29. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gipertrofirovannoe-ya-ego-cogito-a-la-serbe/viewer (Accessed 20 July 2022). (In Serbian) 8 Vran’esh, Aleksandar “Srpski ratni film u svјetlu politichke propaganda.” Letopis Matitse srpske. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2013, vol. 492, no. 4, pp. 461–475. (In Serbian) 9 Damn’anovich, Srђan “Filozofiјa i problem kulturnog identiteta.” Letopis Matitse srpske. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2013, vol. 492. no. 4, pp. 476–484. (In Serbian) 10 Dimitrievich, Vladimir “Slobodan Antonich: Sud'ba khristianskoi tsivilizatsii reshaetsia v bitve za Rossiiu.” Bor'ba za veru. Available at: https://borbazaveru.info/content/view/5801/ (Accessed 23 July 2022). (In Russ.) 11 Dimitrievich, Vladimir “Srbi, Indiјantsi i ‘Blazheni Aloјziјe’: Nad pismo khrvatskikh biskupa.” Srbin.info. Srpske brze internet novine. Available at: https://srbin.info/pocetna/aktuelno/srbi-indijanci-i-blazeni-alojzije-nad-pismo-hrvatskih-biskupa/ (Accessed 30 July 2022). (In Serbian) 12 Dostanovich, D. “Khipermor kao ideologiјa danashњitsu.” Zbornik Matitse srpske za drushtvene nauke. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2020, vol. 71, no. 173 (1), pp. 95–101. — Review of the Book: Grau, Alexander. Hypermoral. Die neue Lust an der Empörung. München, Claudius Verlag Publ., 2017. 128 S. (In Serbian) 13 Dzhakovac, Aleksandar “Bogoslovљa Katikhizisa Јovana Raјiћa u drushtvenom i istoriјskom kontekstu.” Zbornik Matitse srpske za drushtvene nauke. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2020, vol. 71, no. 173 (1), pp. 15–24. (In Serbian) 14 Zhun’ich, Slobodan Prirok i sushtatstvo: Istoriјa poјmovne logike kod Srba. Beograd, Sluzhbeni glasnik Publ., 2013. Part 4: Sushtatstvo u srpskoј filosofiјi. 245 p. (In Serbian) 15 Jerotich, V. “Otvoreni i zatvoreni sistemi mishљeњa.” Chasopis za veru i kulturu. Zemun, Kn’izhevno Drushtvo Pismo, Drushtvo Istochnik Publ., 2012, vol. 21, no. 83/84, pp. 5–9. (In Serbian) 16 Јovanovich, Boјan “Nasiљe i kultura.” Letopis Matitse srpske. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2013, vol. 492, no. 4, pp. 439–445. (In Serbian) 17 Kochetkov, V.V., Maksimov, I.V. “Genezis iavleniia kul'turnykh voin v mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniiakh i perspektivy ego razvitiia” [“The Genesis of the Phenomenon of Cultural Wars in International Relations and the Prospects for its Development”]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta, Series 12. Politicheskie nauki, no. 4, 2013, pp. 96–108. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/genezis-yavleniya-kulturnyh-voyn-v-mezhdunarodnyh-otnosheniyah-i-perspektivy-ego-razvitiya/viewer (Accessed 08 July 2022). (In Russ.) 18 Lubardich, Bogdan “Srbiјa i Rusiјa u ogledalu odnosheњa u filosofiјi 1920–2020: Sinoptichke refleksiјe.” Zbornik Matitse srpske za drushtvene nauke. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2020, vol. 71, no. 173 (1), pp. 1–15. (In Serbian) 19 Lunkin, R.N. “Krizis politiki identichnosti: religiia kak faktor izmenenii” [“The Crisis of Political Identity: Religion as a Factor of Change”]. Seminar “Religiia i kul'tura” [Seminar “Religion and Culture”]. Moscow, INION RAN Publ., 2021. Available at: https://inion.ru/ru/about/news/seminar-religiia-i-kultura/ (Accessed 15 July 2022). (In Russ.) 20 Marich, I. “Nauka i pravoslavљe” [“Science and Orthodoxy”]. Chasopis za veru i kulturu. Belgrade, Istochnik Publ., 2012, vol. 21, no. 83/84, pp. 164–175. (In Serbian) 21 Marich, I. “Prva nasha posleratna kritika klasika marksizma.” Glas, vol. 426, no. 32, 2016, pp. 71–98. (In Serbian) 22 Milenkovich, Zharko N. “Prikaz kњ.: Reљiћ M. Srpska grobљa na Kosovu i Metokhiјi: unishtena spomenichka i јezichka bashtina. Novi Sad, Matitsa srpska Publ., 2019. 343 p.” Zbornik Matitse srpske za drushtvene nauke, vol. 71, no. 173 (1), 2020, pp. 115–118. (In Serbian) 23 Nikiforov, K.V. “Nachertanie” Ilii Garashanina i vneshniaia politika Serbii v 1842–1853 gg. [“Inscription” by Ilia Garashanin and the Foreign Policy of Serbia in 1842–1853]. Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2015. 256 p. Available at: https://inslav.ru/sites/default/files/editions/2015_nikiforov.pdf (Accessed 15 July 2022). (In Russ.) 24 Petrov, A. “Nostalgiјa kao savremeni kulturni fenomen.” Zbornik Matitse srpske za drushtvene nauke. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2020, vol. 71, no. 173 (1), pp. 37–49. (In Serbian) 25 Prole, D. “Nepovrљivost trubadurske maske.” Zbornik Matitse srpske za drushtvene nauke. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2020, vol. 71, no. 173 (1), pp. 25–36. (In Serbian) 26 Tomich, Lidiјa “Novitsa Tadiћ — pјesnik bola i nade.” Letopis Matitse srpske. Novi Sad, Matica Srpska Publ., 2013, vol. 492, no. 3, pp. 271–276. (In Serbian) 27 Chutura, I.R., Јovanoviћ, V.P. “Upotreba imenitse ‘tren’ u delu Antoniјa Isakoviћa — semantichke i filozofske osnove.” Kњizhevna istoriјa. Belgrade, Matica Srpska Publ., 2012, vol. 44, no. 146, pp. 137–153. (In Serbian) 28 Shebalina, O.E. “Vneshniaia politika Sviatogo Prestola v sovremennykh mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniiakh: istoki, metody, instrumentarii” [“Foreign Policy of the Holy See in Modern International Relations: Origins, Methods, Tools”]. Mezhdunarodnaia analitika, vol. 12, no. 4, 2021, pp. 153–166. Available at: https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/402/354 (Accessed 09 February 2022). (In Russ.) 29 Grau, Alexander Hypermoral: Die neue Lust an der Empörung. München, Claudius Verlag Publ., 2017. 128 S. (In German) 30 Hartman, Andrew A War for the Soul of America. A History of the Culture Wars. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press Publ., 2015. 350 p. (In English) 31 Hunter, James Davison Culture wars: The struggle to define America. New York, BasicBooks Publ., 1991. 432 p. (In English) 32 Kordić, Radoman Etika književnosti. Beograd, Službeni glasnik Publ., 2011. 374 p. (Biblioteka Društvo i nauka. Filozofija). (In Serbian) 33 Papa, Alessandra Natun esse: La condizione umana. Milano, Vita e pensiero Publ., 2018. 268 p. (Ricerche filosofia). (In Italian) 34 Rȃmbu, Nicolae “The conventional lies: An almost forgotten concept”. Filosofija / Sociology. Vilnius, Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publ., vol. 31, no. 3, 2020, pp. 209–216. (In English) 35 Sutton, Matthew Avery Reagan, Religion, and the Culture Wars of the 1980s. A Companion to Ronald Reagan (Wiley Blackwell Companions to American History), ed. by A.L. Johns. Hoboken (New Jersy): John Wiley & Sons Limited Publ., 2015, pp. 204–220. (In English) 36 Thomson, Irene Taviss Culture wars and enduring American dilemmas. Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan Press Publ., 2010. 432 p. (In English) 37 Trupia, Francesco “(Im)Possible tolerance. A paradox from within multicultural societies”. Balkan journal of philosophy, vol. 11, no. 1, 2019, pp. 31–40. (In English) 38 Zaccuri, Alessandro “Rovine o macerie? Il dilemma della Cancel Culture”. Vita e pensiero. Milano, Vita e pensiero Publ., 2020, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 81–85. (In Italian) |
|
PDF-file |
