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Title of the article: |
PETROVIAN APOTHECARY HOUSE IN KITAY-GOROD. THE FATE OF A DISAPPEARED BUILDING IN MOSCOW |
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Author(s): |
Klimenko, J.G. |
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Information about the author/authors |
Julia G. Klimenko — DSc in Architecture, Professor, Moscow Institute of Architecture, Rozhdestvenka St., 11, bldg. 4, 107031 Moscow, Russia. |
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Section |
Theory and history of culture |
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Year |
2024 |
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Volume |
Vol. 72 |
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Pages |
pp. 41–51 |
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Received |
June 07, 2023 |
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Approved after reviewing |
May 07, 2024 |
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Date of publication |
June 25, 2024 |
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DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2024-72-41-51 |
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Index UDK |
72 |
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Index BBK |
85.11 |
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Acknowledgements: The Research was carried out in accordance with the Plan of Fundamental Scientific Research of the Ministry of Construction of Russia for 2023 (topic 1.1.2.3). |
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Abstract |
The Moscow ensemble of the Main Pharmacy was built in the first decade of the 18th century and turned out to be one of the most remarkable buildings in Russia. The new construction attracted attention due to the location between the Nikolsky Gates of the Kremlin, the Resurrection Gates of Kitay-Gorod and the Berg Office of the Mint. The architecture of the building successfully combined the best traditions of ancient Russian architecture with the techniques of Western European building art and elements of oriental decoration. Polychrome volumetric tiles played special role in the design of the multi-tiered main facade. These ceramic inserts formed the platband frames, order details, friezes, cornices and other elements. According to the state programs of Peter I for the development of the pharmacy business, special attention was paid to the new building, and contemporaries called the erected Pharmacy “one of the best in the world”. The experience of creating the ensemble and the appearance of the building influenced the character of the new parade construction of the public architecture of St. Petersburg. This explains the interest in the study of the building, which was lost in 1874. In order to understand and visualize the changes in the state of the building, its graphic reconstructions of different historical stages were carried out. The presented digital models reflect not only the external solution of the facades, but also the arrangement of the internal layout. |
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Keywords |
Architecture, Planning, Ceramic Decor, Scientific Reconstruction, Digital Visualizations. |
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Reference |
References 1 Baranova, S.I., Beliaev, L.A., Topychkanov, A.V. Rezidentsiia Petra I v Kolomenskom: kompleksnoe istoriko-arkheologicheskoe issledovanie [ Residence of Peter I in Kolomenskoye: A Comprehensive Historical and Archaeological Study]. Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2022. 376 p. (In Russ.) 2 Baranova, S.I. Russkii izrazets. Zapiski muzeinogo khranitelia [Russian Tile. Notes of the Museum Curator]. Moscow, Moscow State Integrated Museum-Reserve Publ.,2011. 429 p. (In Russ.) 3 Klimenko, S.V. “Promyshlennye pamiatniki Moskvy petrovskogo vremeni: gradostroitel'nyi kontekst i arkhitektura” [“Industrial Monuments of Moscow in the Time of Peter the Great: Urban Context and Architecture”]. Petrovskie pamiatniki Rossii i Evropy: izuchenie, sokhranenie, kul'turnyi turizm. Materialy VII Mezhdunarodnogo petrovskogo kongressa [Peter's Monuments in Russia and Europe: Study, Preservation, Cultural Tourism. Proceedings of the 7 International Peter the Great Congress]. St. Petersburg, Evropeiskii Dom Publ., 2016, p. 373–384. (In Russ.) 4 Klimenko, S.V., Klimenko, Iu.G. Voobrazhaemaia arkhitektura. Istoricheskie nauchnye rekonstruktsii pamiatnikov russkoi arkhitektury [ Imaginary Architecture. Historical Scientific Reconstruction of Monuments of Russian Architecture]. Moscow, Progress-Tradicija Publ., 2019. 544 p. (In Russ.) 5 Klimenko, Iu.G. “Glavnaia apteka (1701–1874 gg.) v Kitai-gorode. K voprosu o nauchnoi rekonstruktsii moskovskogo zdaniia po arkhitekturnym materialam epokhi klassitsizma” [“The Main Pharmacy (1701–1874) in Kitay-Gorod. On the Issue of the Scientific Reconstruction of the Moscow Building Based on the Architectural Materials of the Era of Classicism”]. Restavratsiia i issledovaniia pamiatnikov kul'tury, no. 8, 2016. pp. 101–111. (In Russ.) 6 Men'shikova, M. “ʽZdes' vse dyshalo ambroziei Azii…’” [“Everything here Breathed with Asia`s Ambrosia”]. Voobrazhaemyi vostok: Kitai “po-russki”. XVIII – nachalo XX veka [Imaginary East: China ‘in Russian’. 18th – Early 20th Century]. Moscow, Kuchkovo pole Publ., 2016, p. 66–76. (In Russ.) 7 Shvidkovskii, D.O. “Shinuazri v evropeiskoi i russkoi arkhitekture” [“Chinoiserie in European and Russian Architecture”]. Voobrazhaemyi vostok: Kitai “po-russki”. XVIII – nachalo XX veka [Imaginary East: China “in Russian”. 18th – Early 20th Century]. Moscow, Kuchkovo pole Publ., 2016, p. 94–113. (In Russ.) Abbreviations RSAAA — The Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Moscow. TsGA Moscow — Central State Archive of Moscow. Moscow |
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