|
Title of the article: |
PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH OF THE RUSSIAN CULTURAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL IDENTITY |
|
Author(s): |
Mukhtar Ya. Yakhyaev, Andrey F. Polomoshnov |
|
Information about the author/authors |
Mukhtar Ya. Yakhyaev — DSc in Philosophy, Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences, Dagestan State University, M. Gadzhieva St., 43A, 367000 Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Andrey F. Polomoshnov — DSc in Philosophy, Professor, Department of Economics, Philosophy and Social Disciplines, Don State Agrarian University, Krivoshlykova St., 24, 346493 Settlement Persianovsky, Oktyabrsky Dist., Rostov Region, Russia. |
|
Section |
Theory and history of culture |
|
Year |
2024 |
|
Volume |
Vol. 74 |
|
Pages |
pp. 22–34 |
|
Received |
February 21, 2023 |
|
Approved after reviewing |
May 30, 2024 |
|
Date of publication |
December 29, 2024 |
|
DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2024-74-22-34 |
|
Index UDK |
304.2 |
|
Index BBK |
71.4(2) |
|
Abstract |
The present paper analyzes the issues of theoretical reconstruction of the modern socio-cultural type based on the methodology of empiricism. The methodology of empiricism is based on studies of the modern cultural and anthropological identity of Russians by means of sociological research, while the logic of empirical inductive generalization serves as a general logic of the method of sociological reconstruction. Five groups of fundamental problems of this methodology are identified: the problem of the reality of the object under study, the problem of the dynamics of the object under study, the problem of effective means and methods for studying the real cultural and anthropological identity of Russians, the problem of the correlation of mass ideas (stereotypes) and the real qualities of the Russian cultural and anthropological type, technical problems of opinion polls. On the example of the experience of studying the portrait of a Soviet person by the Yu. Levada group, the authors demonstrate that the fundamental limitations of the empirical methodology for studying the cultural and anthropological identity of Russians cannot be overcome within the methodology of empiricism. Due to the limitations of the latter the paper proposes to supplement it with a general conceptual model of national cultural and anthropological identity, based on the principles of consistency, concreteness, determinism. The research substantiates that the empirical methodology does not deal with the immediate subject of research — the national cultural and anthropological identity, but with the respondents» mass ideas about this identity. As a result, empirical methodology does not provide an objective holistic portrait of a national cultural anthropological type, but only its sociological self-portrait. As the authors suggest, perhaps more effective in the study of Russian cultural and anthropological identity could be another empirical approach based not on sociological surveys, but on methods of empirical observation of the behavior of some typical representatives of modern Russian society. |
|
Keywords |
Cultural and Anthropological Identity, National Character, Sociocultural Personality Type, Soviet People, Russian Cultural and Anthropological Type, National Stereotypes. |
|
Reference |
Allik, Yu. “Konstruirovanie natsional'nogo kharaktera: svoistva lichnosti, pripisyvaemye tipichnomu russkomu” [“Construction of National Character: Personality Traits Attributed to the Typical Russian”]. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya, no. 2, 2009, pp. 2–18. (In Russ.) Battalova, M.I. “Spetsifika russkogo natsional'nogo kharaktera: vzgliad iznutri (po materialam sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniia)” [“The Specifics of the Russian National Character: View from the Inside (Based on Sociological Research)”]. Chelovek v mire kul'tury, no. 2, 2013, pp. 3–6. (In Russ.) Berri, Dzh.U. “Ekokul'turnaia psikhologiia” [“Ecocultural Psychology”]. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psi-khologiya, vol. 15, no. 4, 2019, pp. 4–16. (In Russ.) Vasilevich, A.P “Otkuda beretsia predstavlenie o natsional'nom kharaktere?” [“Where does the Idea of National Character Come from?”]. Questions of psycholinguistics, no. 12, 2010, pp. 76–87. (In Russ.) Vorozheykina, T. “Tsennostnye ustanovki ili granitsy metoda?” [“Values or Method Boundaries?”] Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniya. Dannyye. Analiz. Diskussii, no. 4 (96), 2008, pp. 62–69. (In Russ.) Gabovich, M. “K diskussii o teoreticheskom nasledii Iuriia Levady” [“On the Discussion of the Theoretical Legacy of Yuri Levada”]. Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniya. Dannyye. Analiz. Diskussii, no. 4 (96), 2008, pp. 50–61. (In Russ.) Groshev, I.V. “Ekonomicheskie reformy Rossii cherez prizmu russkoi mental'nosti” [“Economic Reforms of Russia through the Prism of Russian Mentality”]. Sotsial'no-gumanitarnyye znaniya, no. 6, 2000, pp. 25–47. (In Russ.) Gudkov, L.D. “Problemy sotsiologii Iuriia Levady” [“Issues of Sociology of Yuri Levada”]. Mir Rossii. Sotsio-logiya. Etnologiya, no. 3, 2008, pp. 3–36. (In Russ.) Dubin, B.V. “Pozdnesovetskoe obshchestvo v sotsiologii Iuriia Levady 1970-kh godov” [“Late Soviet Society in the Sociology of Yuri Levada in the 1970s”]. Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniya, no. 4, 2009, pp. 100–106. (In Russ.) Lebedeva, N.M. “Mezhkul'turnye otnosheniia, identichnosti, psikhologicheskoe blagopoluchie: postkommunisticheskii opyt” [“Intercultural Relations, Identities, Psychological Well-Being: Post-Communist Experience”]. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya, vol. 17, no. 4, 2021, pp. 4–6. (In Russ.) Levada, Yu. A. “Sotsial'nye tipy perekhodnogo perioda: popytka kharakteristiki” [“Social Types of Transition Period: Attempt at Characterization”]. Monitoring, no. 2, 1997, pp. 9–15. (In Russ.) Maslov, D.V. “Sovetskii chelovek v usloviiakh reform 1980–1990-kh gg.: teoreticheskie voprosy izucheniia” [“Soviet Man in the Conditions of Reforms of the 1980–1990s: Theoretical Issues of Study”]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo ob-lastnogo universiteta. Series: Istoriya i politicheskiye nauki [History and political studies], no. 4, 2020, pp. 141–151. (In Russ.) Minenko, A.G. “Russkii natsional'nyi kharakter: osnovnye podkhody k issledovaniiu” [“Russian National Character: Main Approaches to Research”]. Idei i idealy, no. 3, 2012, pp. 86–97. (In Russ.) Radayev, V.V. “Proshchai, Sovetskii prostoi chelovek!” [“Farewell, Soviet Common Man!”]. Obshchestvennyye nauki i sovremennost', no. 3, 2018, pp. 51–65. (In Russ.) Tatarko, A.N., Chuykina, N.V. “Vzaimosviaz' mnozhestvennykh identichnostei i sotsial'nogo kapitala na postsovetskom prostranstve: mezhpokolennyi analiz” [“The Relationship between Multiple Identities and Social Capital in the Post-Soviet Space: Intergenerational Analysis”]. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya, vol. 17, no. 4, 2021, pp. 65–73. (In Russ.) Titkov, A.S. “Prizrak sovetskogo cheloveka” [“The Ghost of the Soviet Man”]. Sotsiologiya vlasti, vol. 31, no. 4, 2019, pp. 53–94. (In Russ.) Shlyapnikov, V.N. “Vzaimosviaz' pokazatelei sostoianiia volevoi reguliatsii i etnicheskoi identichnosti” [“The Relationship between Indicators of the State of Volitional Regulation and Ethnic Identity”]. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya, vol. 15, no. 3, 2019, pp. 83–90. (In Russ.) Dyakov, O.Yu. “Sotsiologicheskii analiz grazhdanskoi identichnosti i patriotizma: opyt federal'nykh i regional'nykh issledovanii” [“Sociological Analysis of Civic Identity and Patriotism: Experience of Federal and Regional Studies”]. Bulletin of the Astrakhan State Technical University, no. 2 (66), 2018, pp. 123–128. (In Russ.) Rossiiskaia identichnost' v sotsiologicheskom izmerenii. Analiticheskii doklad [Russian Identity in the Sociological Dimension. Analytical Report]. Moscow, Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2007. 140 p. (In Russ.) Sovetskii prostoi chelovek: opyt sotsial'nogo portreta na rubezhe 90-kh. [The Soviet Common Man: Experience of a Social Portrait at the Turn of the 90s], ed. Yu.A. Levada. Moscow, World Ocean Publ., 1993. 300 p. (In Russ.) |
|
PDF-file |
