| Title of the article: |
The theme of freedom in the context of moral philosophy of N. F. Fedorov and V. S. Soloviev |
| Author(s): |
ZAPEKA O. A. |
| Section: |
Art Theory and History |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Issue: |
№ 2 (40) |
| Pages: |
67-78 |
| Index UDK: |
141.5+130.2 |
| Index BBK: |
87.3+71.0 |
| Abstract: |
In the religious-philosophical constructions of Fedorov all concepts, all «components» are considered from the point of view of the «project of the common cause» (the General resurrection). The theme of the human person as the beginning of self-worth, its dignity, as well as the theme of human freedom didn’t get an independent meaning at Fedorov’s works: they are fully subordinated to the central theme of his philosophy. As a result, freedom becomes projective in nature and should become a «product» of work of a man. The virtue of personality is not freedom, but its active participation in the resurrection, i.e. in the implementation of universal moral duty. Man is born a slave and will remain so as long as he do not turn the gifted into the earned, will not resurrect the dead parents and will not update himself. Only the realization of the project of resurrection would lead to the implementation of freedom. Fedorov doctrine praises the human mind: the rational cognition is the key to success in the resurrection of the ancestors. The author of the project of «common cause» considers the philosophy of all-unity by V. S. Soloviev as close to his own doctrine. Both thinkers share the same understanding of the ultimate goal of universal resurrection, but their perception of the ways and means of achieving this goal is absolutely different. The works of Soloviev belong to several periods, one should take it into account when addressing the thinker’s approach to freedom. The beginnings of freedom were highlighted in the period when the spirit of Soloviev captured the idea of a free theocracy. The restoration of the unity of divine and human will be accomplished freely, but the achievement of this unity is inevitably preceded by the phase of affirmation of the human beginning. In the «Critique of abstract principles» Soloviev proves the unconditional nature of human freedom. In Soloviev's ethical system, which received its full expression in the work «Justification of good», the question of freedom as freedom of choice is taken out of the boundaries of the ethical sphere. The infinite value of the individual is carried out in a free and conscious participation of each in the common cause of building an ideal society (free theocracy), an embodiment of which Soloviev regarded the Universal Church. |
| Keywords: |
N. F. Fedorov, freedom, «common cause», the debt, the resurrection, V. S. Solovyov, unity, manhood, good, love, theocracy, Church, choice, things |
| Bibliography: |
1 Berdiaev N. A. Aleksei Stepanovich Khomiakov [Alex Stepanovich Khomiakov]. Moscow, Put' Publ., 1912. 260 p. 2 Berdiaev N. A. Religiia voskresheniia («Filosofiia obshchego dela» N. Fedorova) [Religion of resurrection («the Philosophy of common cause» by N. Fedorov)]. N. A. Berdiaev o russkoi filosofii [N. A. Berdyaev about Russian philosophy]. Sverdlovsk, UrGU Publ., 1991. Vol. 2, part 2. 240 p. 3 Fedorov N. F. Sochineniia [Compositions]. Moscow, Mysl' Publ., 1982. 711 p. 4 Fedorov N. F. Filosofiia obshchego dela. Stat'i, mysli i pis'ma N. F. Fedorova, izdannye pod red. V. A. Kozhevnikova i N. P. Petersona [Philosophy of the common cause. Articles, thoughts and letters N. Fyodorov, published under the editorship of V. A. Kozhevnikov and N. P. Peterson]. Moscow, Pechatnia A. Snegirevoi Publ., 1913. Vol. 2. 473 p. 5 Kozhevnikov V. A. N. F. Fedorov. Opyt izlozheniia ego ucheniia po izdannym i neizdannym proizvedeniiam, perepiske i lichnym besedam. S prilozheniem pisem F. M. Dostoevskogo, V. Solov'eva, A. A. Shenshina (Feta) i L. N. Tolstogo o N. F. Fedorove i ego uchenii [Experience of presenting his teachings on published and unpublished works, correspondence and personal conversations. With the application of the letters of F. M. Dostoyevsky, V. Solovyov, A. A. Shenshin (FET) and L. N. Tolstoy N. F. Fedorov and his teachings]. Moscow, Tip. Moskovskogo Imperatorskogo un-ta Publ., 1908. Part 1. 320 p. 6 Trubetskoi E. N. Mirosozertsanie Vl. Solov'eva [ Philosophy of V. Soloviev]. Moscow, T-vo tip. A. I. Mamontova Publ., 1913. Vol. 1. 652 p. 7 Solov'ev V. S. Sobr. soch.: v 10 t. [ Collected works in 10 vol.] St. Petersburg, Knigoizdatel'skoe t-vo «Prosveshchenie» Publ., 1911–1914 gg. Vol. 3. 440 p. 8 Bulgakov S. N. Chto daet sovremennomu soznaniiu filosofiia Solov'eva? [What does the philosophy of Soloviev give to the modern consciousness?] Ot marksizma k idealizmu [From Marxism to idealism]. St. Petersburg, Tip. t-va «Obshchestvennaia pol'za» Publ., 1903. 376 p. 9 Solov'ev V. S. Soch.: v 2 t. [Works in 2 vol.] Moscow, Mysl' Publ., 1988. 892 p. + 822 p. 10 Berdiaev N. A. Filosofiia svobody. Smysl tvorchestva [ The Philosophy of freedom. The eaning of creativity]. Moscow, Pravda Publ., 1989. 608 p. 11 Losev A. F. Tvorcheskii put' Vl. Solov'eva [A Creative way of V. Soloviev]. Solov'ev V. S. Soch.: v 2 t. [Works in 2 vol.] Moscow, Mysl' Publ., 1988. Vol. 1. 892 p. |
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